History, Culture, Oral Tradition, Proverbs and Folktales

Define Colonialism and summarize why your text suggests that Black America was a second Colonial entity within the United States from 1619 until the present.
Colonialism is the expansion of a country's power through the exploitation of foreign lands obtained from conquest or treaties. Natives of the foreign lands are either assimilated, forced out, or enslaved as an exploitable resource. They are never fully accepted as equals to the colonial power because the are defined by that power as "Other", with "Other" looks, "Other" values and "Other" culture. These "Others" must live under the subjugation of invading powers' rules and social norms.
The white immigrants who colonized America brought Africans as slaves and servants who were segregated from the priviliges enjoyed by the white colonists. To some extent, this segregation allowed them to retain their own traditions, whether through stories, art, or religion. However, it also highlighted the "Otherness" with which the white colonists justified their inhumane treatment of the black colonists. As black Americans were subject to such different treatment that has persisted in some forms to present day, their shared experience as a colonial entity differs greatly from that of white Americans.

What does your text suggest as the ideological difference between slavery in African and that practiced by Europeans in the 16th and 17th centuries. What justifications were used for enslaving blacks. Include in your summary here some idea of the Great Chain of Being Theory.
Generally, African tribes enslaved those they conquered in battle or as a punishment for social misfits. And though there may have been some forms of social division, it was never to the extent experienced in 16th and 17th century Europe. Europeans enslaved Africans, not because they had conquered them, but because they wanted workers for menial or harsh labor. To them, Africans were not people, but commodities and luxuries that allowed aristocrats to live comfortable lilves.
The inhumanity of European slavery stemmed from an ethnocentric belief of the superiority of being a white Christian European. Europeans assumed their culture was mentally and morally superior and therefore suited to using Africans to further their own means. Religion was often spun to justify enslavement. According to Calvinistic predestination, Africans were part of the evil chaos God had sent for the elect to rule and thus enslave. Christians believed Africans needed to be enslaved so they could be converted and thus "saved". The Great Chain of Being Theory ranked the importance of all "living" entities, from God to insects. After God and the Angels, white Europeans were ranked according to income, gender, and, finally, age. Africans fell below white children, but above animals--they were characterized as "brutes", thereby justifying any treatment white Europeans chose to impose upon them.

What is a Trixter Tale?
A trixter tale is a type of folktale that describes a smaller character overcoming a more powerful character through its use of wit. Generally the larger animal threatens the smaller animal with threats of physical violence or death and somehow the smaller animal tricks the larger animal into doing something that allows the smaller animal's escape and possibly the larger animal's death. Slaves could relate to the idea of a subjugated person who could not actively defy the subjugator; these stories reaffirmed that just because they were physically subdued, they could outhink their masters in hope of a better future.